THE COUNTERTERRORISM HANDBOOK: Tactics, Procedures & Techniques, by Kenneth J. Dudonis, David P. Schulz, Frank, Jr. Bolz

THE COUNTERTERRORISM HANDBOOK:
TACTICS, PROCEDURES, AND TECHNIQUES, THIRD EDITION
by Kenneth J. Dudonis, David P. Schulz, Frank, Jr. Bolz

"This book is a must read for anyone involved in leadership positions at all levels
of federal, state, or local governments or private organizations involved in the
support of War on Terror operations." - Paul E. Vallely, MG, US Army
(Retired), Fox New Channel Military Analyst

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On September 11, 2001, the world was put on notice: terrorism can strike
anytime…anywhere…anyone. You are told to go about your daily life - but to be
vigilant of your surroundings. You are told that trying to do a cursory profile on
potential terrorists is futile because their commonality goes deeper than the
surface. With this in mind, what do you look for in a potential situation, how do you
prepare, how do you protect?

Written by experts who have years of experience in the field, The Counterterrorism
Handbook: Tactics, Procedures, and Techniques, Third Edition is an invaluable
resource for those who recognize that preparation is the best defense in the War
on Terror. Revised and expanded to reflect information obtained since the
September 11th attacks, this latest edition provides an understanding of the
strategies, tactics, and techniques required to counter terrorism as it exists today.
It illustrates essential topics such as the elements common to all terrorism, bomb
threats, risk assessment, hostage situations, and weapons of mass destruction.

Find out what's new in the third edition as it:
- Provides a closer look at what transpired during and after the attacks on the
World Trade Center and the Pentagon
- Discusses the current state of WMD's, including threats from chemical and
biological agents and those posed by nuclear weapons.
- Divulges the latest modes of domestic terrorism, including cyber-terrorism and
eco-terrorism
- Discloses the latest information on what's going on with Homeland Security
- Covers recent INS laws as they relate to terrorist activity and how they effect
homeland security

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“The only way to deal effectively with terrorism is to have a thorough understanding
of its present-day characteristics. Who is involved and what weapons and tactics
are they likely to use? The players on the counterterrorism team need to take
stock of what is in their tool kits; what works and what doesn't work; and what new
capabilities need to be developed in order to face not only today's terrorist, but
tomorrow's as well.

“The Counterterrorism Handbook: Tactics, Procedures and Techniques lays out a
comprehensive strategy of how to deal with an entire range of possible terrorist
incidents in a language friendly to first responders, policymakers, and security
personnel. It covers everything from bombings and hostage-taking, to nuclear
terrorism and what needs to be done before, during, and after an event.

“The authors each bring to the table unique insights and real-world experiences
based on years in the counterterrorism field. Their hands-on knowledge of the topic
infuse the book with a down-to-earth practicality often missing from other
counterterrorism studies. The Counterterrorism Handbook: Tactics, Procedures
and Techniques is a must-read for anyone who may have to cope with a serious
terrorist attack.”

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NEW TO THIS EDITION:

* Expands section on kidnaping including the investigatory functions of the
federal and local government and the private security sector
* Covers in great detail the World Trade Center bombing and what might
have happened
* Assesses the Hostage Incident at Waco, the ATF's initial actions, and the
FBI's responses and failures
* Covers the Oklahoma City bombing with regard to the response of the
local government, federal government, and private sector
* Addresses bio/chemical terrorism as well as low intensity warfare and the
possibility of low intensity nuclear terrorism
* Explores religious groups and cults and their possible involvement in acts
of domestic terrorism
* Updates the listing of terrorist organizations
* Includes a foreword by Robert Kupperman, formerly Chief Scientist for the
State Department, who has written extensively on chemical warfare

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

OREWORD

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

WHAT IS TERRORISM; WHO ARE TERRORISTS; WHAT DO THEY DO?
- New Game
- Global War on Terrorism
- Meaning of Terrorism
- What is Terrorism?
- A Brief History of Terrorism
- Terrorism as a Political Statement
- The Nature of Terrorism
- Characteristics of Terrorism
- Financial Terrorism
- Terrorist Actions
- Other Terrorist Actions
- Intimidation and Threats
- Disinformation and Propaganda
- Assassination
- Notes

COMMON ELEMENTS OF TERRORISM
- Purpose of Terrorism
- Modern Terrorist Groups
- Why Terrorists Succeed
- Counterterrorist Response
- Weapons of Mass Destruction
- Role of the Military
- Homeland Defense
- Implementation of Homeland Defense
- Organizing Homeland Defense
- Task Force Initiatives
- Local Law Enforcements Capabilities
- Local Significance
- Private Sector Cooperation

TERRORISM DEFENSE PLANNING
- Introduction to Risk Assessment
- Security Advisory System
- Structuring a Preincident Plan
- Information-Gathering
- Target Analysis
- Organization
- Training
- Terrorist Tactics
- Risk Analysis
- Risk Avoidance
- Hostage/Kidnap Defense
- Notes

BOMB DEFENSE PLANNING
- Bomb Incidents
- The Bomb Threat
- Rationale of Bomb Threats
- A Note of Warning
- Warning or Hoax?
- Bomb Threat Decision-Making
- Evacuation Options
- Evacuation Procedures
- Putting Out the Message
- Planning Issues
- Bomb Threats and the Police
- The Bomb: Terrorist Weapon of Choice
- Types of Bombers
- Motivations of Bombers

HOSTAGE SITUATIONS
- A Rare Occurrence
- Who Takes Hostages?
- Panic Reaction
- Suicide by Cop
- Why Hostages are Taken
- The Magic Triangle
- Munich, 1972
- Deadlines
- Killing on Deadline
- Evaluation
- Responsibilities of the First Responding Officers
- The Mobilization Point
- Location of the Mobilization Point
- Decision-Makers
- Evacuation
- Keeping Track of People
- Start Intelligence-Gathering
- Inner Perimeter
- Tactical Units
- Communications
- First-Response Review
- Summary

KIDNAPPING
- Kidnapping as a Weapon
- Risks Involved
- Differences between Hostage-Taking and Kidnapping
- Uses of Kidnapping
- Types of Kidnappers
- Post-Cold War Political Kidnapping
- During and After the U.S. Operation in Iraq
- Private Industry's Role
- The Police Role
- Police Response to Residence or Workplace of Victim
- Response to the Kidnap/Extortion Threat
- "Do Not Contact the Police"
- McKidnapping
- Hoax
- Prevention Tactics
- What the Individual Can Do
- Journalists Do Not Have Exemptions
- What the Family Can Do
- One Man's Ordeal
- What the Corporation Can Do
- On Becoming a Victim
- Notes

THREAT OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
- A Long History
- The Threat Today
- Aum Shinrikyo Incident
- U.S. Anthrax Attacks
- Chemical and Biological Agents
- Transmission of Infectious Agents
- Chemical Agents
- Common Nerve Agents
- Blood Agents
- Blistering (Mustard) Agents
- Choking/Lung/Pulmonary Agents
- Riot Control
- Biological Agents
- Common Terms Associated With Biological Agents
- Common Biological Agents-Class A
- Common Biological Agents-Class B
- Common Biological Agents-Class C
- Other Biological Agents
- Nuclear Weapons
- Common Terms Associated With Nuclear Weapons
- Response to a WMD Incident
- First Responders
- Federal Assistance
DOMESTIC TERRORISM
- Ecoterrorism
- Other Ecoterror Group
- Animal Rights Groups
- GM Food Fight
- Antiglobalism Groups
- Abortion Clinic Violence
- Cyber terrorism
- Conclusion
- Notes

BOMB INCIDENTS
- The Mechanics
- Search Overview
- Building Searches
- Exterior Searches
- Interior Searches
- Search Teams
- Setting Up a Program
- Alternative to Search Teams
- Mechanics of the Search
- Searching a Room
- Common Bomb Placement Locations
- Precaution
- Vehicle Searches
- Antipersonnel Car Bombs
- Vehicle-Borne Explosive Devices
- Aircraft Searches
- Pre-Incident Executive Search
- Explosive-Detection Canines
- Suspected Packages
- Identifying Improvised Explosive Devices
- Explosives
- Initiation Systems
- Summary
- Notes

HOSTAGE INCIDENTS
- What is Involved
- Communicating with the Hostage-Taker
- The Making of a Hostage Incident
- The Announcement
- Reaction of Law Enforcement Professionals
- The Application of Time
- Criminal Role
- Police Role
- Containment
- Evacuation and Intelligence
- Why Police Do the Negotiating
- Postincident Crisis Intervention Teams
- Controlling the Environment
- Dynamics of Hostage Negotiation
- Words and Phrases
- A Note on Weapons
- Saying "No"
- The Art of Negotiation
- Courses of Action
- The Surrender and Suicide Ritual
- Thought Interruption
- Never Take a Weapon from the Hand of a Surrendering Perpetrator
- Special Qualifications

POST-BLAST ENVIRONMENT
- Getting Back to Normal
- The Incident
- First Responders
- Investigative Phase
- Search Equipment
- Establishing the Parameters of the Investigation
- Preliminary Actions
- Seat of the Explosion
- Gathering Physical Evidence
- Examining Fragments
- Evidence Recovery
- Physical Evidence
- Postblast Investigation Process
- Case Studies

HOSTAGE/KIDNAPPING AFTERMATH
- The Dangers Involved
- The Immediate Reaction of Victims
- Long-Term Reactions
- The Family
- Police Handling of the Incident
- The Stockholm Syndrome
- Transference
- When an Incident May End in the Use of Deadly Physical
Force
- Ransom: To Pay or Not to Pay?
- Making the Payoff
- The Recovery
- Victimology
- Postincident Effects on Rescue Officers
INTERVIEWING VICTIMS, F. Ochberg
- Intrusive Recollections
- Emotional Anesthesia: Constricting Life Activity
- Lowered Threshold for Anxiety and Arousal
- PTSD Is Not Always the Same
- Who Gets PTSD?
- Other Difficulties
- A Guide to Interviewing
- Timing
- Setting the Stage
- Eliciting Emotion
- Informed Consent
- Stages of Response
- The Humanitarian Role of the Investigator
- Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Notes

ROLE OF THE COMMANDER
- Who's in Charge?
- Preincident: Developing Guidelines
- Makeup of the Team
- Maintenance of Manpower and Equipment
- Keeping Up-to-Date on New Developments and Strategies
- Evaluate and Update
- Liaisons with Other Agencies
- During the Incident: Intelligence-Gathering
- Evaluate Alternatives
- Sharpshooter
- Chemical Agents
- Food
- Alcohol and Drugs
- Contain and Negotiate
- Impact of the Event on the Public
- Postincident Debriefing
- Formal Debriefing
- Evaluate New Developments and Outcomes
- Case History: Russian Theater Takeover
- Panic Reactions
- Who
- Negotiations at the Theater
- Tactical Preparations
- Continued Terrorism

THE COMMAND POST
- The Nerve Center
- Bomb Incident Command Post
- Log and Situation Map
- Equipment and Supplies
- Communications
- Concealment vs. Cover
- Handling the Media
- Counterterrorism Command Center

A CLOSER LOOK AT 9/11
- Overview
- World Trade Center Complex
- The 1993 Attack
- The 2001 Attacks
- The Chain of Events
- Composite - First Responders
- Communication Capabilities
- Emergency Response to the WTC Attack
- Citywide Coverage Affected
- Mutual Aid
- Interdepartment Communication
- Collapse of WTC-2
- WTC-1 Collapse
- World Trade Center Collapse Sequence
- Washington, D.C., Attack
- National Response
- Critical Findings of the 9/11 Commission - New York City Attack
- First Responders at the Pentagon Attack
- National Recommendations
- The Aftermath

APPENDIX A: GOVERNMENT SPONSORED TERRORISM

APPENDIX B: FOREIGN TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS (FTOs)

INDEX

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EXCERPT FROM THE FOREWORD

By Dr. Robert Kupperman, Stephanie Lanz

“Terrorism is a form of warfare that relies principally upon fear to deliver its
message. The target of the violence often goes beyond the immediate victim. Its
ultimate goal is theatrical, the Broadway of villainous acts. This holds especially
true today with television news programs broadcasting images of the terrorist event
even before senior officials have had time to assess the situation. This, together
with the advent of cell phones, has led to just-in-time decision making, a new
phenomenon in managing a crisis.

“In recent years, we have witnessed a staccato of bombings, assassinations, and
hostage-taking incidents, with every new threat spawning a new countermeasure
and every new countermeasure resulting in new threats. While terrorists are
unlikely to give up the truck bombs or spectacular suicide missions that afford
them instant gratification and notoriety, a new cadre of terrorists exists that may
look to nontraditional tactics and weapons. The young terrorist of today is often
computer savvy and well educated, bringing a whole new level of sophistication to
the table. Computers and the Internet are increasingly being used for planning
terrorist activity, recruiting, and fundraising. And, while terrorists can afford the
latest technological equipment, law enforcement and other officials more often than
not find themselves lagging behind, making it difficult for them to keep up with the
terrorists.

“Further complicating terrorism warfare calibrations is the possibility that
cyberattacks against critical infrastructures may be used as a force multiplier to
extend the deadliness of an incident. Furthermore, the target of the attack, the
critical infrastructure, currently is owned and operated primarily by the private
sector, bringing a whole new group of players into the counterterrorism game.

“In contrast with the period of the Cold War when terrorist groups were
predominantly politically motivated, the most prominent groups today carry a
religious banner. This makes them especially dangerous, for the only entity they
need to justify their actions to is God, in whose name they carry out the violence.
Politically motivated groups traditionally looked for targets of symbolic value: a
soldier, a government official, etc. Religious groups, on the other hand, feel that
any mode of attacking the infidel is legitimate, even if it means killing innocent
civilians. Anyone, anywhere, anytime can become a target.

“What we end up with is an unholy marriage between advances in technology and
indiscriminate targeting, an extremely lethal combination. Many experts in the
emerging field of counterterrorism refuse to believe that terror ism will escalate to a
level involving weapons of mass destruction even though the technology and
expertise are readily available. This holds true despite the sarin gas attack in
Tokyo subways in March 1995 by the religious cult Aum Shinrikyo that killed 12
people and injured thousands of others; it is often regarded as an anomaly - even
by the Japanese.

“The question is not so much whether or not there is a real probability of a terrorist
incident involving weapons of mass destruction (WMD), but whether one can afford
to not be prepared. The consequences of any incident involving WMD are so
devastating that even if there is only an infinitesimal chance of one occurring, the
framework has to be in place to swiftly and efficiently deal with the crisis.

“So far, the United States' counterterrorism strategy, while impressive in
appearance and number of acronyms, could in fact be a recipe for disaster should
a grievous terrorist attack occur on American soil. The byzantme bureaucracy
comprising the U.S. response, for example, could easily result in a delay in the
deployment of the right tools to a local community dealing with an attack never
before envisaged by its townspeople.

“The Counterterrorism Handbook is among the first serious efforts to lay out a
comprehensive strategy of how to deal with a whole gamut of possible terrorist
incidents in a language that a first responder (policeman, fireman, medic, etc.) can
understand. The book covers everything from bombings and hostage-taking, to
nuclear terrorism and what needs to be done before, during, and after an event. The
handbook combines what minimally needs to be understood about
counterterrorism by the Washington-level policymaker while at the same time
helping first responders who are planning to cope with what must at least initially
seem like an overwhelming attack.

“The book makes clear that the only way to effectively deal with terrorism is to
have a thorough understanding of its present-day characteristics. Who is involved
and what weapons and tactics are they likely to use. The players on the
counterterrorism team need to take stock of what is in their tool kits; what works
and what doesn't work; and what new capabilities need to be developed in order to
face not only today's terrorist, but tomorrow's as well.

“The authors of The Counterterrorism Handbook, Frank Bolz, Kenneth Dudonis,
and David Schulz, each bring to the table unique insights and real-world
experience based on years in the counterterrorism field. Their hands-on knowledge
of the topic infuses the book with a down-to-earth practicality often missing from
other counterterrorism studies. This book is a must read for anyone who may need
to cope with a serious terrorist attack on U.S. soil.”

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2005, 432 pages. Order #DR623.
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