Emergency Incident Risk Management

EMERGENCY INCIDENT RISK MANAGEMENT:
A SAFETY & HEALTH PERSPECTIVE
by Jonathan D. Kipp and Murrey E. Loflin

“While risk management techniques have been successfully used to reduce the potential for
physical harm to the public, these proven methods, strangely enough, have not been applied
to one of the most hazardous environments of all—fire fighting operations. The result is that
more than 100,000 injuries occur to fire fighters each year.

“Emergency Incident Risk Management shows fire chiefs, fire officers, safety officers, and
risk managers—for the first time anywhere—how to develop and implement a
comprehensive risk management program that can sharply reduce on-the-job fatalities,
injuries, and harmful exposures while minimizing property and equipment damage.

“Expanding on the information presented in the National Fire Protection Association 1500
Handbook, this thorough guide covers every phase of effective risk management—from
assigning roles and preplanning, through all the steps in a solid risk management plan, to
handling actual emergency incidents.

“With the help of illuminating examples, Emergency Incident Risk Management demonstrates
how to:
- analyze accident, injury, and illness data
- identify and evaluate risk
- establish risk management priorities
- formulate and implement sound risk control measures
- monitor and fine-tune the risk management program
- incorporate risk management into an incident management system
- use and maintain proper personal protective equipment

“Further, the book addresses federal standards that safety administrators must observe,
providing crucial compliance information on OSHA’s regulations covering bloodborne
pathogens, confined spaces, respiratory protection, and hazardous waste operations and
emergency response—in addition to the NFPA standards. The book, in fact, is so complete
it
even covers how to utilize cost/benefit analysis to ensure effective risk management decision
making.

“Written by a longtime certified safety professional and an experienced fire officer,
Emergency Incident Risk Management should be regularly consulted by every professional
who administers or operates corporate, municipal, military, or private emergency response
programs.”

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FROM THE PREFACE:

“Risk management is a complex topic. Reams upon reams have been published in an effort
to help those who practice risk management improve their skills. There are many different
disciplines that impact the risk management process, including safety, loss control, finance,
security, and insurance, to name only a few.

“Risk management in a career context also has several different connotations. For example,
an investment risk manager has responsibilities dramatically different from those of an
insurance risk manager. However, the basis upon which risk management decisions are
made remains similar.

“Our focus in this work is the health and safety of the professionals who respond to
emergencies and help others. They may spend a great deal of time preparing for the short
time they will spend controlling any given emergency incident, yet that short time is when the
need to use effective risk management skills is most important. Too many responders
continue to be inured and die in the line of duty.

“We have attempted to present the foundation upon which effective risk management
decisions appropriate for those who must make them quickly on a daily basis can be
structured. The chapters are arranged similarly to an incident command chart; as your risk
management process expands, so too do the concepts presented in the book.

“To many, attempting to manage risks may be similar to trying to stretch a rope around a
fogbank; nebulous at best, impossible at worst. That may be the reality in many situations.
However, with the basics in hand, sound decisions will be easier to make.

“We are not professional risk managers. Rather, we have been, and continue to be, in
positions in which we recognize the need for improved decision making regarding personnel
health and safety. We believe that this work can help to remedy some of those deficiencies.

“Others have made the methodology we discuss work, and we know that our readers can
too.”
- Jonathan D. Kipp, Londonderry, NH
- Murrey E. Loflin, Virginia Beach, VA

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CONTENTS

Preface
Acknowledgments

PART 1. ADMINISTRATION AND ORGANIZATION

1. Overview
Scope of Problem
Learning Lessons
Risk Management
Risk Management Program
History of Health and Safety in Emergency Services
How to Use This Book

2. Introduction to Risk Management
Introduction
Benefits of Risk Management
Roles and Responsibilities
Support and Active Participation
Program Compliance
Conclusion

3. Accident, Injury, and Illness Data
Introduction
Data Collection/Reporting Processes
Why Keep Records?
Confidentiality
Conclusion

4. Law, Codes, and Standards
Introduction
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Federal Mandates
State Laws
Consensus Standards
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPS)
Influence and Effect of Laws, Codes, and Standards
Periodic Review and Revision Process
Conclusion

PART 2. COMPREHENSIVE RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN

5. The Management of Risk
The Process of Managing Risk
Choices
Goals and Objectives
Risk Retention
Administrative Risk Management Versus Emergency Incident Risk Management
Classic Risk Management Model
Conclusion

6. Risk Identification
Introduction
Risk Identification Methods
Sources of Information
Recordings of Findings
Conclusion

7. Risk Evaluation
Introduction
Evaluation Measures
Frequency and Severity Considered Together
Conclusion

8. Establishing Priorities
Introduction
Analysis Considerations
Balancing the Analysis Factors
Establishing Priorities
Conclusion

9. Risk Control
Introduction
Risk Control Techniques
Risk Assumption and Risk Financing
Conclusion

10. Program Monitoring
Introduction
Program Effectiveness
Frequency of Monitoring
Who Conducts the Evaluation?
Evaluation Methodology
Results of Evaluation
Conclusion

11. Training of Personnel
Introduction
Training-A Vital Component of Pre-Emergency Risk Management
Training as a Risk Control Technique
Accident Prevention and Training
Live Training Evolutions
Mandated Training
NFPA 1500
Risk Management and Training
Conclusion

PART 3. EMERGENCY INCIDENT RISK MANAGEMENT

12. Pre-Emergency Risk Management
Introduction
Written Risk Management Plan
Written Safety and Health Program
Health and Safety Officer Function
Toolbox
Conclusion

13. Principles of Emergency Incident Risk Management
Evaluation of Conditions
Pre-Emergency Risk Management
Pre-Incident Planning Program
Target Hazard Classification
Completing the Pre-Incident Plan
Pre-Incident Preparation
Conclusion

14. Incident Safety Officer
Introduction
Responsibility and Authority
Response Criteria
Incident Management System
Emergency Authority
Duties and Functions
Incident Scene Monitoring
Forecasting
Post-Incident Analysis
Conclusion

15. Personnel Accountability
Introduction
Philosophy
Reasons for A Personnel Accountability System
Concept of the Personnel Accountability System
Pass Devices
The Players
Standard Components of the Personnel Accountability System
System Features
Conclusion

16. Incident Management System
Introduction
Objectives of the Incident Management System
The Inception of Incident Management
Incorporating Risk Management into the Incident Management System
Toolbox for Evaluating Incident Risk
Conclusion
17. Post-Incident Analysis
Introduction
Benefits and Components of the Post-Incident Analysis
Safety and Health Issues
Interfacing with the Incident Safety Officer
Health and Safety Officer's Responsibility
The Occupational Safety and Health Committee's Responsibilities
Paradigm Shift for Health and Safety
Conclusion

PART 4. INTEGRATION

18. Making It Happen
Introduction
Benefits of Effective Risk Management
Process Versus Event
Safety Is A Value
Tips for Making It Happen
Sample Risk Management Plan
The Future

Appendix A Common Risks and General Control Measures

Appendix B Virginia Beach Fire Department Risk Management Plan

Appendix C Sources of Additional Information

Select Bibliography

Index

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1996, 311 pages. Order #DR540.

4 Arapaho Rd.

Brookfield, CT 06804-3104 USA

1-888-ROTHSTEin; (888.768.4783)

Telephone: 203.740.7444; 888.768.4783

Fax: 203.740.7401

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